bliss



W. L. BLISS.

SYSTEM OF ELECTRICAL DISTFHBUTION. APPLICATHJN min in 26. 1911, RENEWED ma. 9. I922.

' 1,434,362, Patented Nov. 7, 1922.

W Guam,

Patented Nov. 7, 1922. UNITED STATES 1,434,362- r rEN-T OFFICE;

mm L. or NIAGARA runs, nnw seer; Ass-tenor. ro u. s. mom: a new: OOBPOBATIQN, OE mG-AEA FALLS. 'N'RW YORJ? A flnuvn'o nmYn'fi- A? m YORK -SYSTEIE O]? ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION.

Application filed Yeoman-51.26. 1917. Serial No. 150.999-;

1'0 auwlwmivmcy concern.-

.Be it known that 1,-WnmsnnL. Buss, a citizen. of-the United States, residing. at NiegerwFells, in the county of Niagara and State of-New York,- have invented new-and useful Improvements in Systems-of Electricah-Dis'trihutioni-ofwhich the-following is a specification:

- .The pi'esentimvention relates to systems of electrical distribution.

-.Mone p 'cularLy-the' venison-relates to systems i of electrical distribution. involv-iu variable speed; generetors snch. lasareuse inrailwe send .vautomobilei. lighting systems wherein th .generetoris emplo'yedto charge a storage-battery end-supply a, lamp or other 1oad.,eWhen-the generator is at rest oriszogerating at low speed. the batterv sunplies -t erloadi In charging the storage battery it necessary: to -impress across its, terminals :1 higher'voltege-than said battery will deliver upon :dischei' e. .Oonsequently, in many systems a reglilator is provided between the storegeebettery 'and the lamp circuit to reduce the voltagexwhen the generator is directly suppl current for said lam circuit; In su systems'theresistcnce c? said regulator is reduced to its minimum when the' battery'isndisclierging to supply. the lamp circnit. -The resent inventionrelates to e systemwherem thismeguletorin the lump circuit may be eliminated. .Anobject of the-present invention is to provide a system in which it will not be necessary to use a lamp regulator, but in which there will be no undue fluctuations across the lamp circuit.

A ;Eurther object is to provide a system involving :1. variable speed generator in which the voltage of the generator will be automatically reduced to a valueproper for supplying the lamp circuit whenever the lamps are turned on.

Further objects will be apparent as the description proceeds.

. Referring to the drawings:

The figure-represents one embodiment'of the present invention.

The figure represe ts an embodiment of the invention which is o. modification of'one of the systems disclosed in my coending application Serial No. 61.558. filed overnher 15. 1 15. for systems oi electrical d s .55 tribntion. It is to be understood, however JB-enewed Febmnrv 9. 1922. "Serial H0. 535.395.

that the invention- 151108 limited in. its use to the system disclosed in said. epplication. The figure illustrates a'variable speed genorator having adarmature -1. and a shunt field :winding 2. 1 Positive and negative genorator leads 3 and 4 sn ply a storage batvery 5 and lam s'or1ot er translating ide V1688 6,-conneote inperallel branches across the leads. Anwutomziticsswitch 7. oieny. preferrediconstruction, .is: .arranged in one of the. generator leadsi=E-.-,The automatic switch! 'IWlll .-connect the 1 generator to the systempwhen thew enerator voltcgesubstene trelly --equals. the nttery .voltage and. .will disconnect the generetor wheiii its; voltage falls below that of the battery. s Regulation ofthe-generator is'accom lishedb means oi -the variable resistance, herein i1 ustrated usca. compressible rheostat '8, inseries with the-generator field. .Theurheostat is controlled .by' a bell :crank lever ;9,".piviotallyl c0nnected to Killigilfltltklllflflbfil' or core 10, normally undert e controller eicoilll, surroundrjiligsaidcore .and connected in the bettery l 12. A secondwinding 13is adapt, ed, under certain conditionsy to co-opera'te with the coil 11. in the-control of the rheostat. ncross the terminals ofthe automatic switch 7 is an adjustable resistance 14. One terminal of the cOil-Bis-connected. to a. point approximately in the centerpi the resistance 14. The other terminal of. the coil 13 is connected through switch .22 to the negative-lead 4413A dash pct. 15 may be rovided-tosteady the ectio'nof the core 10. witches 16 are provided for throwing the lam circuits 6 in 'and out of circuit.

T c switch 22 is operated by a. magnet 21, encrgizedby a coil 19- which is connected across the generator between the binding post 17 andthe negative lead 4,-through the resistance 26, which is preferably of zero temperature coeflicient. The :resistence 26 is adapted tobe shortlcircuited under predetermined conditions. which wi be described hereinafter.

-.A meter 27 is connected in the battery circuit and may he of any desired type. It preferably consists of a compensating ampere hour motor which will register the ampere hours delivered tothc battery and will automatically change its rate of registration on reversal of the direction of current flowing therethrough. whereby to compensate for battery losses, so as at all times to accurately indicate the-state of chargcof the battery. The indica-tin pointer-23 of the meter is adapted to me e contact with the contact 29 when a predetermined number of ampere hours, indicating full charge of the battery, has been registered. The contact 29 is connected to one side of the resistance 26 through the conductor 30, whereas the pointer 28 is connected tothc other side of said resistance 26 through the conductor 31. The pointer28 end the contact 29 therefore; control a short circuit nround resistance 26, which shoitcircuit is closed whenthe meter indicates full charge, and open when less than a full charee is indicated.

A charging receptacle isshownat 32 and train lines at 33. Ihes are connected around the ampere hour meter 27 and the battery 5,- .so that any-current supplied to the battery by either the charging receptacle or the-traindines w-il'l be regrsterd'by the a'mperehour meter, and an "current ta'ken out of the buttery bywayo =rthe'tii1in lines will likewise be registered on the am ere hour meter.

no side of euch of the lump circuits'6 is connected through-conductor 87 to thc conductor 31, which connects through-the coil 19 to the generator lead 4, The same side of each of seid lamp circuits 6 connects through c switch 16 with the generator lead Fl so that whenevera switch 16 is closed to turn on lamps the circuit of rela coil 19 will'be comple cl-diiectly' across t e mains without the inte ition of resistance 26. The shunt field"ivinding'2 of the generator may be connected to the coil 13 through the resistance 35 'for a purpose which will be referred to hereinafter.

A mode'of operation of the system disclosed in Figure 1 will be substantially as follows: When the generator is at rest or rotating at a speed insufiicient to develop the voltage necessary to close the automatic switch, said automatic switch will be open, as illustrated. If any of the lamp circuits are closed at this time, they will be supplied by the storage battery 5. The rheostat- 8 will be under maximum pressure whereb the resistance of the field circuits is :1 minimm A small amount of current will flow from the positive battery terminal, through th'e'amperc hour meter 27, wire 12, part of the adjustable resistance 14, coil 13. resist ance field coil 2. to thenegative terminal of the battery, thus producing the initial excitation for the generator. Current through coil 13 at this time will oppose the magnetic ellcct of the current in coil ll. No lifting clleot will be exerted on plunger 10 when the hattcrv is dischargingto tic lumps.

When tlzc generator starts up and is operating :it. suliicient speed. the automatic switch will ulOSu. and current will be delivered to the leads 3 and 4. If the empere hour meter contacts 28 and 29 are open and none of the lamp circuitsare closed, the generator will deliver a charging current to the storage buttery. Inasmuch asth current to the battery must pass throu h coil 11, which is operatively associated with the rheostat 8, an excessive current will 'be prevented from entering the battery. In case the ampere hour meter contacts are'closed, as when full charge to the battery is indicated. or in case one of the lamp circuits should be turned on, a short circuit will be completed around resistance 26 whereby the coil 19 will be subject to the voltage across the loads 3 and 4. The magnet 21 willraise the switch 22, whereby to close the circuit ofthe coil 13 across the leads. The resist once 14 will be so adjusted thfit the coil 13 35 will be operative to reduce the-field excitation-t0 the desired value, which will preferably be equa'lto the -floutingi oltage ofthe' store .e'battery. -.[hereafter;.the-genorator will 'rectly supply the lsuhp circuit until itsspeed is reduced to'a point at which it is inoperative to develop the necesss voltage, at which time the automatic swit li will open and the battery will supply the lilln') load.

l1 desired the ampere hour meter may be dispensed with, it the expense of saidrmeter is considered unwarranted. In that case, closure of any of the lamp circuits will render the coil 1.3 o erative to 'reduce'the generator rolta e to l lac value desired.

it will we apparent that according to the present invention, the lam regulator is dispensed with, with the elimination ofthe voltage drop which is usually attendant ibcmto. even when said lamp regulator is in its full compressed condition. Though the lamp regulator is eliminated, the lamp circuit is not subject to great variations in voltage.

One embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail. Many modilications will occur lo those skilled in the art. It is intended that this patent shall include all such modifications that fall within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:-

'1. In combination, a variable speed gencu alor. a storage battery and a lamp circuit, means for measuring the state of charge of said battery. and means responsive both to said measuring means and to said lamp cirruit for controlling the output of said generator.

2. In combination. a generator, :1 storage battery and a lamp circuit. an ampere hour motor for measuring the input and output of said lottery. and means responsive both ill] to said meter and to said lamp circuit for controlling the output of said generator.

3. In an electrical system of distribution, a variable speed generator, a storage battery to be charged thereby, a lamp'eircuit, means for regulating the voltage of the generator, means for measuring the net state of charge of the battery, means under the control of said charge measuring means for varying the standard of operation of the generator regulator, switches for controlling the lamp circuit, and connections whereby closure of one of said lamp switches will also vary the standard of operation of the enerator regulator by causing operation of t e means under control of the charge measuring means.

4. In combination, a variable speed generator, a storage battery to be charged thereby, a lamp circuit, a generator regulator, means for measuring the state of charge of the battery, means under control of said measuring means for causing the generator regulator to maintain a predetermined lower voltage on the generator when said battery is substantially charged, and means whereby closure of the lamp circuit will operate to reduce the generator voltage to said predetermined lower voltage, regardless of the state of charge of the battery In witness whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name.

WILLIAM L. BLISS. 

